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What Is The Difference Between Folate and Folic Acid?

Written by:

Obi Obadike

Obi Obadike

Celebrity Fitness & Nutrition Expert, CFT, SFN, M.S. Founder & CEO – Ethical Inc.
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What is the difference between folate and folic acid? The difference is folate is a naturally occurring form of B9 and folic acid is a synthetic form of B9.  Vitamin B9 serves many functions such as cell growth and DNA formation. If you have low levels of B9 you could potentially be at a higher risk of birth defects, cancer risk, elevated homocysteine.

What is the difference between folate and folic acid? Photo credit: iStock-Dzmitry Skazau

Folic acid is used in supplements, and it is used in processed food products such as flour and breakfast cereals.  If you take a small dosage of folic acid of 200 to 400 mcg per day it will not be completely metabolized until you take the next dose. And the result of this unmetabolized folic acid is found in the bloodstream even during a fasted state.

There have been some studies that have shown that a large amount of unmetabolized folic acid increases the risk of cancer. But there are also some studies that disagree with this theory. In closing there is no conclusive evidence that proves that unmetabolized folic acid plays a direct role.

There was a study that showed that taking folic acid with B vitamins makes the conversion more efficient. Some of the best high folate foods are the following:

  • Spinach
  • Lettuce
  • Asparagus
  • Avocados

The healthiest dietary sources of Vitamin B are through whole foods. And an alternative dietary supplement form of folic acid is methyl folate. Folate is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin B9. And before it enters your bloodstream your digestive system converts it to the biologically active form of B9.

“The difference is folate is a naturally occurring form of B9 and folic acid is a synthetic form of B9. ” Celebrity Fitness & Nutrition Expert Obi Obadike

The Bottom Line is the difference between folate and folic acid is folate is a naturally occurring form of Vitamin B, whereas folic acid is an artificial occurring form of Vitamin B.

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References

  1. Sweeney MR, McPartlin J, Scott J. Folic acid fortification and public health: report on threshold doses above which unmetabolised folic acid appear in serum. BMC Public Health. 2007 Mar 22;7:41. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-41. PMID: 17378936; PMCID: PMC1839088.
  2. Pfeiffer CM, Sternberg MR, Fazili Z, Yetley EA, Lacher DA, Bailey RL, Johnson CL. Unmetabolized folic acid is detected in nearly all serum samples from US children, adolescents, and adults. J Nutr. 2015 Mar;145(3):520-31. doi: 10.3945/jn.114.201210. Epub 2014 Dec 10. PMID: 25733468; PMCID: PMC4336532.
  3. Oliai Araghi S, Kiefte-de Jong JC, van Dijk SC, Swart KMA, van Laarhoven HW, van Schoor NM, de Groot LCPGM, Lemmens V, Stricker BH, Uitterlinden AG, van der Velde N. Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 Supplementation and the Risk of Cancer: Long-term Follow-up of the B Vitamins for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures (B-PROOF) Trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2019 Feb;28(2):275-282. doi: 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-17-1198. Epub 2018 Oct 19. PMID: 30341095.
  4. Qin T, Du M, Du H, Shu Y, Wang M, Zhu L. Folic acid supplements and colorectal cancer risk: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Sci Rep. 2015 Jul 1;5:12044. doi: 10.1038/srep12044. PMID: 26131763; PMCID: PMC4487230.
  5. Rees JR, Morris CB, Peacock JL, Ueland PM, Barry EL, McKeown-Eyssen GE, Figueiredo JC, Snover DC, Baron JA. Unmetabolized Folic Acid, Tetrahydrofolate, and Colorectal Adenoma Risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2017 Aug;10(8):451-458. doi: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-16-0278. Epub 2017 Jun 9. PMID: 28600398; PMCID: PMC5544920.
  6. Obeid R, Kirsch SH, Dilmann S, Klein C, Eckert R, Geisel J, Herrmann W. Folic acid causes higher prevalence of detectable unmetabolized folic acid in serum than B-complex: a randomized trial. Eur J Nutr. 2016 Apr;55(3):1021-8. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0916-z. Epub 2015 May 6. PMID: 25943647.
  7. Koseki K, Maekawa Y, Bito T, Yabuta Y, Watanabe F. High-dose folic acid supplementation results in significant accumulation of unmetabolized homocysteine, leading to severe oxidative stress in Caenorhabditis elegans. Redox Biol. 2020 Oct;37:101724. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101724. Epub 2020 Sep 15. PMID: 32961438; PMCID: PMC7509461.
  8. Obeid R, Kirsch SH, Dilmann S, Klein C, Eckert R, Geisel J, Herrmann W. Folic acid causes higher prevalence of detectable unmetabolized folic acid in serum than B-complex: a randomized trial. Eur J Nutr. 2016 Apr;55(3):1021-8. doi: 10.1007/s00394-015-0916-z. Epub 2015 May 6. PMID: 25943647.
  9. Plumptre L, Masih SP, Ly A, Aufreiter S, Sohn KJ, Croxford R, Lausman AY, Berger H, O’Connor DL, Kim YI. High concentrations of folate and unmetabolized folic acid in a cohort of pregnant Canadian women and umbilical cord blood. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015 Oct;102(4):848-57. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110783. Epub 2015 Aug 12. PMID: 26269367.
  10. Sweeney MR, McPartlin J, Weir DG, Daly L, Scott JM. Postprandial serum folic acid response to multiple doses of folic acid in fortified bread. Br J Nutr. 2006 Jan;95(1):145-51. doi: 10.1079/bjn20051618. PMID: 16441927.
  11. Sweeney MR, McPartlin J, Scott J. Folic acid fortification and public health: report on threshold doses above which unmetabolised folic acid appear in serum. BMC Public Health. 2007 Mar 22;7:41. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-7-41. PMID: 17378936; PMCID: PMC1839088.
  12. Alpers DH. Absorption and blood/cellular transport of folate and cobalamin: Pharmacokinetic and physiological considerations. Biochimie. 2016 Jul;126:52-6. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.11.006. Epub 2015 Nov 14. PMID: 26586110; PMCID: PMC4867132.

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